Luther and the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther (November 10 , 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, a Catholic monk, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation in 16th-century Europe.
The Historical Thinking Skills form the basis for
all the AP history exams.
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During the Protestant Reformation, religious reformers called protestants broke from the Catholic Church and started new Christian denominations (different versions of Christianity)
The Renaissance is a period in Europe, from the 14th to the 17th century, considered the bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age. Europe saw a great revival of interest in the classical learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome.
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Humanism is applied to the overreaching social and intellectual philosophies of the Renaissance era, in which the beauty of the individual was elevated to preeminence. To put it in simpler terms, humanism is the belief that man has beauty, worth, and dignity. Therefore, life here on Earth should be cherished rather than simply endured.
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hu·man·ism – noun
– an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.
– a Renaissance cultural movement which turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.
Humanism is thought to have begun in the late 14th-century in Italy and was a major movement of the Renaissance. According to research published in Oxford Bibliographies, it spread to the rest of Europe in the mid-15th century and by the 16th century, it was the dominant intellectual movement. Continue reading → Post ID 20167
3.3
1. SUNNI 2. SHI’A 3. CATHOLICISM 4. ORTHODOX 5. PROTESTANT
6. SIKHISM 7. REFORMATION 8. OTTOMAN-SAFAVID RELATIONS
17 century Firearm WeaponsARQUEBUSIER ARMED WITH MATCHLOCK MUSKET, ILLUSTRATION FROM ‘MANUAL OF ARMS’, 1607
Catherine II was empress of Russia, and she led her country into the political and cultural life of Europe, carrying on the work begun by Peter the Great. She was an ENLIGHTENED MONARCH!
Under her reign, Russia expanded its territories and modernized, following the lead of Western Europe.
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Peter the Great was a Russian czar in the late 17th century, who is best known for his extensive reforms in an attempt to establish Russia as a great nation.
It is said that Peter the Great grabbed Russia kicking and screaming out of the Middle Ages. Continue reading → Post ID 20167
Review earlier Russian history:
Ivan the Terrible, or Ivan IV, was the first tsar of all Russia. During his reign (1533-1584), Ivan acquired vast amounts of land through ruthless means, creating a centrally controlled government.
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Russia is the biggest country in the world, spanning one-eighth of the earth’s landmass. But where did it all begin? Alex Gendler explores the epic history of the Kievan Rus, where characters ranging from Viking raiders and Western crusaders to Byzantine missionaries and Mongol hordes all played a role to create a unique civilization standing at the crossroads of culture and geography.
The Cossacks were Russian military horsemen who saw themselves as Orthodox Christian warriors, in voluntary service to the tsar. Repressed after the Bolshevik Revolution, since the collapse of the Soviet Union they have re-emerged and are trying to revive Cossack traditions.
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Slavs are the largest ethno-linguistic group in Europe, followed by Germanic peoples and Romance peoples. Present-day Slavic people are classified into
East Slavs (chiefly Belarusians, Russians, Rusyns, and Ukrainians),
West Slavs (chiefly Czechs, Kashubs, Poles, Slovaks and Sorbs) and
South Slavs (chiefly Bosniaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs and Slovenes). Continue reading → Post ID 20167
During its heyday from 1682 to 1789, Versailles wasn’t just a palace – it was the center of France’s royal world. French royals, nobles, and state officials lived together in the sprawling palace complex. But despite the regal setting, everyday life for courtiers at Versailles was often stressful, regimented, and surprisingly unsanitary.
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