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2014 marks the 120th anniversary of the First Sino-Japanese War, commonly known in China as the “War of Jiawu”. It began in 1894 and ended with China’s defeat in 1895. The war was a devastating blow to China’s then-rulers, the Qing dynasty.

In 1894, newly modernized Japan fought with the dominant power of East Asia for centuries, Qing China, over the control of Korea under Joseon/Choson Kingdom. Traditionally, Korea was under protection of China throughout centuries, while newly industrialized Japan seek to exploit resources and expand their border to the Korean Peninsula. The war ended with Qing Army’s defeat both on land and sea. After occupying Korea, in 1905, Empire of Japan wage war with the Russian Empire over the control of Manchuria from weakened Qing China.